Informatics Publishing Limited

Y. Sanjiva Rao , K. Madhusudhan Rao

Abstract

Detanning of deoiled sal seed meal (DSSM) is studied with sodium carbonate solutions having concentretions of 0.01, 0.015 and 0.02 kg/1., as well as under different to cake ratios of about 34 to 70 1/kg about 78 to 90 percent in DSSM, can be extracted resulting in overall reduction of tannin content to below 4 per cent frorn original tannin content of 123 per cent.

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Sumer Chopra ¹, K. Madhusudhan Rao ¹, B. Sairam ¹, Santosh Kumar ¹, A. K. Gupta ¹, Hardik Patel ¹, M. S. Gadhavi ¹, B. K. Rastogi ¹

Affiliations
1 Institute of Seismological Research, Sector-18, Gandhinagar - 382 018, IN

Abstract

About 200 shocks were felt and over 50 of M-2 to 4 were located south of Jamnagar in 2006 and same number was felt/located again in 2007 with blast like subterranean sounds soon after heavy rains. Most of the shocks have shallow focal depth of less than 10 km. Some of the tremors have caused cracks in a few houses. During September-October 2006 tremors were confined withm 5 km of Khankotda village which is about 30 km SE of Jamnagar. During August-September 2007 the activity had spread northward up to Jamnagar. Some shocks have occurred about 20-25 km west of this trend faults/lineaments/dykes in the area are studied to identify the causative feature for the tremors. The rainfall data of the district and water level data of nearby observation wells are studied to see any possible relationship with earthquake activity. Data of about hundred cases of swarm type of earthquake sequences in the peninsular India in last several decades are compiled to study their characteristics vis-a-vis monsoons.

Keywords

Swarm-Type of Earthquakes, Subterranean Sounds, Saurashtra Seismicity.

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A. V. Ashok Kumar Reddy ¹, C. Venkata Prasad ¹, M. Saraswathi ¹, HMP Naveen Kumar ¹, M. N. Prabhakar ¹, V. Balaji ¹, K. Madhusudhan Rao ¹, B. Yerriswami ², C. Lakshmi Narayana Reddy ², B. Mallikarjuna ², M. C. S. Subha ², K. Chowdoji Rao ¹

Affiliations
1 Dept. of Polymer Science & Tech., S.K. University, Anantapur, A.P., IN
2 Dept. of Chemistry, S.K. University, Anantapur, A.P., IN

Abstract

Chitosan (CS), a polysaccharide, has many industrial applications and its miscibility studies are most useful. Synthetic polymer, poly (ethylene glycol) (PEG) is a subject of current research interest. Hence, miscibility of CS and PEG in aqueous acetic acid solutions has been studied by ultrasonic velocity, refractive index and viscosity techniques at 303.15 K, over a wide range of compositions ranging from 0-100% of CS in CS/PEG blends. The results of ultrasonic velocity and its derived acoustical parameters such as adiabatic compressibility (β_ad), acoustic impedance (Z), relaxation strength (γ_s) and Rao number (R) have been used to discuss the miscibility/immiscibility of the blend under study. These discussions revealed that the blend is miscible up to 40% of chitosan in the blend and beyond this, the blend is immiscible. Using the viscosity data, the interaction parameters ΔB, μ and α were computed and used to discuss the miscibility/immiscibility nature of this blend. The ultrasonic velocity results are further confirmed by viscosity and refractive index results.

Keywords

Chitosan/PEG Blend, Acoustical Parameters, Miscibility, Refractive Index.

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